Revue Issue 10 December2025 F

13 Magazine de l ’ Union Des Banques Arabes Etudes et paroles d’experts En définitive, les choix opérés au cours des prochaines années façonneront la trajectoire économique du Liban pour des décennies. La reconstruction verte offre l’opportunité de dépasser la simple gestion de crise pour s’orienter vers un modèle de développement plus stable et attractif pour l’investissement — un modèle dans lequel la durabilité renforce la croissance plutôt qu’elle ne la contraint. Pour le Liban, reconstruire de manière plus intelligente ne relève pas uniquement de la responsabilité environnementale ; c’est une condition préalable à la reprise économique, à la cohésion sociale et à la résilience nationale à long terme. References Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. (2020). Water development report. United Nations. International Financial Institutions, Arab NGO Network for Development, & Lebanese Center for Policy Studies. (2022). Towards a green recovery agenda for Lebanon. Discussion paper. International Labour Organization, & United Nations Development Programme. (2011). Green jobs assessment in Lebanon. United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Climate Promise 2.0: Lebanon project documentation. World Bank. (2021). Nature-based tourism and economic returns. World Bank. (2024). Lebanon Country Climate and Development Report. World Bank. (2025). Lebanon Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment. Call‑Out Boxes: Key Economic Signals Electricity Cost in Lebanon • Average public electricity supply: < 4 hours/day • Private diesel generation cost: USD > 0.50 per kWh • Regional benchmark (grid electricity): USD 0.08–0.12 per kWh Source: World Bank (2024), Lebanon CCDR Implication: High energy costs significantly erode business competitiveness, increase production costs, and discourage new investment. Non‑Revenue Water (NRW) • National NRW rate: >45% • Regional best practice: 15–20% • Main causes: leakage, illegal connections, weak metering Source: ESCWA (2020); World Bank (2025) Implication: NRW represents lost revenue, higher operating costs, and reduced water security for agriculture, industry, and tourism. Tourism Return on Investment (ROI) • Every USD 1 invested in nature conservation and eco‑tourism can generate USD 5–7 in economic returns • Job creation multiplier higher in rural and peripheral areas Source: World Bank (2021) Implication: Green tourism investments offer strong returns while preserving natural capital and enhancing Lebanon’s comparative advantage. Transport Costs and Productivity Losses in Lebanon • Mode share: >80% of daily trips rely on private vehicles • Public transport: Fragmented, informal, and under-invested • Fuel exposure: High sensitivity to fuel price volatility and supply disruptions • Congestion impacts: Significant productivity losses due to travel delays, unreliable logistics, and elevated vehicle operating costs • Emissions: Transport is among the fastest- growing contributors to urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions Sources: World Bank (2024); ESCWA (2020) Implication: Targeted investment in mass transit, fleet electrification, and climate-resilient infrastructure can lower operating costs, expand workforce access, and strengthen urban competitiveness while reducing emissions.